Dielectric spectroscopy of oil-bearing rocks at 0.05–16 GHz

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We have measured the dielectric spectra of sand and bentonite mixtures with oil and saline water (NaCl solution) in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 16 GHz at 22 °C. The measured spectra were compared with predictions in terms of the generalized refractive mixing dielectric model (GRMDM), and the respective error was estimated as a check of the model applicability to describe oil-bearing formations. The results may be useful in developing new methods of electromagnetic logging.