Abstract
The paper shows three kinds of chemical-wet technology synthesis of the ferroelectric-ferrimagnetic PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 materials and technology process of the ceramic samples sintered by hot pressing method. In the technological process of the PFN powders were used follows precursors: lead acetate trihydrate and niobium ethoxide while an iron-related components were changed: iron nitrate obtained by first sol-gel technology (PFN-n), iron oxalate obtained by second sol-gel technology (PFN-ox) and iron citrate obtained by third technology (PFN-c). XRD, SEM tests and temperature measurements of dielectric properties of the ceramic samples were carried out. The SEM microstructure tests of the PFN ceramic samples confirm the properly conducted technological processes. The best dielectric properties of the PFN ceramic samples were obtained for third technology using iron citrate precursor. But, this method of the PFN ceramic powder requires minimization of a pyrochlore phase and reduction porosity of the ceramic samples.
Highlights
Multiferroics are smart materials which show simultaneously at least two types of physical states e.g. a ferromagnetic state, a ferroelectric state, a ferroelastic state, ferrotoroid state and showing coupling between subsystems [1,2,3,4]
The work show the influence of the synthesizing sol-gel method used on the electrophysical properties of PFN ceramic samples
The paper shows the technological process of the three kinds of chemical-wet method synthesis of the multiferroic PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 materials and sintered by hot pressing method
Summary
Multiferroics are smart materials which show simultaneously at least two types of physical (ferroic) states e.g. a ferromagnetic state (antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic), a ferroelectric state (antiferroelectric, ferrielectric), a ferroelastic state (ferromagneticelastic, ferroelastoelectric), ferrotoroid state and showing coupling between subsystems [1,2,3,4]. Ceramic materials with multiferroic properties found functional application as various types of piezoelectric transducers, electric bandfilters, sensors, generators, servomotors, phase modulators, frequency multipliers, electromechanical, electroacoustic, pyroelectric transducers, memory elements, etc. The ferroelectromagnetic PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 ceramics, shortly called PFN, is one of the materials belonging to group of multiferroics. The aim of the work was obtained and studied the ferroelectromagnetic PFN powders by liquid phase synthesis and sintered ceramic samples by hot pressing method. The work show the influence of the synthesizing sol-gel method used on the electrophysical properties of PFN ceramic samples
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