Abstract
In the paper, the multicomponent PZT-type ceramics with Pb(Zr0.49Ti0.51)0.94Mn0.015Sb0.01W0.015Ni0.03O3 composition have been obtained by conventional and mechanochemical methods. With conventional ceramic technology, PZT-type ceramics have been synthesized by the method of calcination powder (850 °C/4 h). Instead of this step, the mechanochemical synthesis process for different milling periods (15 h, 25 h, 50 h, 75 h) has been applied for a second batch of samples. To obtain the dense PZT-type ceramic samples, powders have been sintered by free sintering method at conditions of 1150 °C/2 h. Studies have shown that the perovskite structure of the PZT-type material is formed during mechanochemical activation of powders during the technological process at low temperature. The application of the mechanochemical synthesis to obtain the PZT-type materials also allows shortening of the technological process, and the useful electrophysical properties of ceramic samples are not reduced at the same time. The presented results have confirmed that the investigated materials can be used in microelectronic applications, especially as elements of actuators and piezoelectric transducers.
Highlights
The most common ceramic solid solutions, extensively used in the electronic industry, are perovskite ferroelectric oxides with a general formula ABO3, for example, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT).To improve the piezoelectric properties of those materials, various modifications, such as different doping, have been carefully examined
Both the powder and ceramic preparations were carefully monitored at different preparation stages using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
One possible method to determinate the correct preparation condition is based on DTA/TG analyses
Summary
The most common ceramic solid solutions, extensively used in the electronic industry, are perovskite ferroelectric oxides with a general formula ABO3 , for example, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT). PZT powders are usually synthesized by the solid-state reaction process (i.e., calcination method) using mixed oxides as starting materials. The conventional solid-state reacted PZT powders are sintered at very high temperatures [17]. The aim of this work has been the comparison of useful ceramic properties obtained by conventional and mechanochemical methods. Sb3+ , Ni2+ “ferroelectric hard” admixtures and W6+ “ferroelectric soft” admixture) in order to obtain ceramic materials with optimal piezoelectric properties (average values), but with high time stability of their physical properties. Mn4+ admixture was aimed at increasing grain homogeneity in the ceramic microstructure. Both the powder and ceramic preparations were carefully monitored at different preparation stages using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The final properties of the ceramics samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DC electrical conductivity tests, testing dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties
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