Abstract
In recent years, lead-based relaxor materials have been much researched for diverse applications. These include devices such as ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) [1], multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) [2], ultrasonic transducer [3], and display devices [4] due to their high dielectric constant [5]. Composite piezoelectric materials are an especially useful choice for transducers such as medical ultrasound devices. These composites show voltage charge constant g33values that lead to the increased sensitivity. Moreover, the matching efficiency of acoustic impedance also improves due to the low density and the low velocity of composite material [6]. This paper considers the dielectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3PbTiO3/polyurethane 0–3 composites not yet reported, showing the dependence of those properties. A 0–3 connectivity, a three dimensionally connected polymer matrix filled with discrete loaded piezoelectric ceramic particles, was considered. Historically, various connectivity patterns of PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-polymer composites have been studied to improve the piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics [7, 8]. J. T. Wang et al. reports the composites have been studied using rigid epoxy with Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) [9]. In contrast, J. Su et al. [10] states that polyurethane rubber produces 0.85% strain when an electric field of 7 MV/m is applied to a 0.1 mm thick sample. Moreover, a polyurethane composite, rather than epoxy composite, decreases stress inside the piezoelectric materials [11]. Therefore, piezoelectric composites with 0–3 connectivity were fabricated from PMN-PT powders and polyurethane rubber. These composites were investigated for dielectric properties with variations in active particle and PMN-PT/polyurethane interfacing. For the study, PMN-PT calcined powders were used as PMN-38 purchased from TRS Ceramics, Inc., PA, USA. The powders were pressed to form a disk of 25 mm × 1 mm under 100 MPa pressure. Following binder burn out at 500 ◦C, the pellets were then sintered at 1100 ◦C and 1150 ◦C for 2 h with the heating rate 50 ◦C/h and natural cooling in the furnace. Excess PbO (10 wt%) and PbZrO3 were added as PMN-PT source powders. The pellets were put on the platinum foil in a closed alumina crucible, and an oxygen atmosphere was employed for sintering. The sintered disks were crushed to powder with a mortar and pestle. The prepared powders were obtained by first sieving with
Published Version
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