Abstract
This review is focused on the research of dielectric fluids, especially commonly used power transformer oils enhanced by nanoparticles, i.e., nanofluids. There are differences between various combinations of base fluids and nanoparticles prepared in different ways. The main goal of this review was to present recent research in this field sorted by the used nanoparticles. Nanofluids based on mineral oils, natural, or synthetic esters were investigated in terms of the nature of nanoparticles, particularly Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, graphene, fullerene, and others. The combinations of environmentally friendly oils and nanoparticles were presented. Finally, the article focused on the description of current dielectric fluids usable in power transformers and the possibilities of improving new and existing fluids with nanoparticles, especially their physical, dielectric, and chemical properties, but with regard to environmental aspects.
Highlights
Introduction on Biodegradable NanofluidsAccording to the sustainable development, many challenges must be solved in the world’s industry, especially in power engineering
Searching for the articles was performed in google scholar database and web of science services by using the keyword “nanofluid” with different specifications as a second word such as “breakdown”, “synthetic ester”, or “biodegradable oils”, while only articles published after the year 2019 have been considered
The overview is mainly focused on quantities describing insulation properties, mainly alternating current breakdown voltage (AC-BDV), direct current breakdown voltage (DC-BDV), lighting impulse breakdown voltage (LI-BDV), partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV), and dissipation factor
Summary
According to the sustainable development, many challenges must be solved in the world’s industry, especially in power engineering. This important part of the industry faces great pressure to improve technologies to ensure the supply of electricity, with having regard for all strict regulations and environmental protection. One of the affected parts of this industry facing new challenges and modifications is the insulation of power transformers, especially insulating oils. As one of the most important devices in power engineering, are used for the transformation of voltage levels or for galvanic separation of electrical systems with the same voltage. To secure the operation of the power transformer, heat transfer and insulation of different parts have the highest priority
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