Abstract
Neodymium and gallium codoped barium titanate (Ba1−x−yNdxGayTiO3, x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 and y = 0.03) were prepared by sol–gel method in order to investigate its dielectric and photoluminescence properties. The structure and morphology of Ba1−x−yNdxGayTiO3 powders calcined at 1100 °C and sintered ceramics by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The photoluminescence and dielectric properties of Nd doped Ba0.97Ga0.03TiO3, (y = 0.03) as a function of Nd3+ concentration and sintering temperature were also investigated. The influence of Ga3+ and Nd3+ dopants on the crystalline phases, sintering process by SPS and macroscopic properties of Ba1−x−yNdxGayTiO3 ceramics was analyzed, as well as a weak hot emission from the 4F5/2 level. The sintered ceramics showed high dielectric constant and moderate dielectric losses. The highest value of the permittivity obtained for Ba1−x−yNdxGayTiO3 ceramics was ɛr = 5890 at room temperature, 1 kHz and x = y = 0.03. This study shown that Nd3+ decreases the density of the pellets, increases the dielectric losses and decreases the dielectric constant of Ba0.97Ga0.03TiO3 ceramics. Therefore, the values of dielectric properties, at room temperature, of BaTiO3 doped with 3 at.% Ga and ≤7 at.% Nd are higher than those of undoped BaTiO3 ceramic.
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