Abstract
Lead-free piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3 or BT) ceramics with various grain sizes were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and post-annealing. The dielectric, ferroelectric and electromechanical properties were investigated. The average grain sizes of the ceramics were controlled by changing the post-annealing temperature. The BT ceramics obtained by HIP at 800°C without post-annealing with the average grain size 0.48 μm exhibited ferroelectric behaviors as shown by polarization and electromechanical measurements and the piezoelectric response corresponding to the d33 coefficient of 46 pC/N. The polarization hysteresis loops became more saturated with increasing grain sizes. The remanent polarization and the unipolar strain/field of the BT ceramics prepared by HIP at 800°C under 200 MPa and annealed at 1400°C in air for 12 h were 9.4 μC/cm2 and 380 pm/V, respectively.
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