Die Dritte und die Vierte Gewalt in Raumplanungsprozessen

Abstract

Although institutionalized media and jurisdiction could be counted to the actors of spatial planning, only few is known in international and national spatial planning research about their role in spatial planning processes in relation to actors in politics, administration, civil society and economy. If and to which extend do they have an influence on planning processes? In other policy areas (e.g. foreign and finance policy) – especially the influence of the media on political processe – is quite better explored and for the role of jurisdiction there are at least some findings. Based on this knowledge in this exclusive literature-based article first hypothesises for the policy area spatial planning are formulated. Thus, the roles of media und jurisdiction are varying between the specific phases of the policy cycle in a complementing manner: While the media play an important role in the phases of problem formulation and agenda setting and loose importance in the following political process, the jurisdiction has a selective but probabely leading influence in the later phases. Together, both groups of actors in media and jurisdiction can form planning processes significantly, therefore their common analysis in empirical studies makes sense.