Spatial and environmental planning of sustainable regional development in Serbia

Carry out spatial planning and achieve justice for all parties involved in the spatial planning process. The implementation of spatial planning is carried out based on spatial planning which functions as a reference for spatial utilization activities, including investment activities and issuance of business permits. The product of spatial planning is in the form of spatial plans which are divided into national spatial plans (RTRWN), national strategic area spatial plans (RTR KSN), island, regency/city regional spatial layout plans (RTRW) and detailed spatial planning plans (RDTR ). The purpose of this work is the realization of a Real-Time RDTR application that has minimal errors and the use and utilization of the Real-Time RDTR Application by spatial planning forums and stakeholders related to spatial planning, especially state apparatus in various regions. related theory, practice of using the application, question and answer and also discussion with the participants. .Training This application will help RDTRs that have regional regulations but are not yet integrated with OSS, thus helping spatial planning forums to make confirmation/approval decisions on the conformity of spatial use activities (KKPR) which are still manual, assisting the RDTR revision process and socializing this real time RDTR application so that Spatial planning forums or regional governments are not afraid to use them.

In 2008, a new principle of spatial planning was added to the German Federal Spatial Planning Act. It demands critical infrastructure protection (CIP) be taken into account in all spatial planning activities. Since the term 'critical infrastructure' is quite young, this problem has not yet been explicitly treated in spatial planning activities. This paper presents results from a qualitative analysis of available regional spatial structure plans and from a survey of all regional spatial planning authorities in Germany. It shows that regional spatial planning has marginally dealt with CIP related questions like infrastructure reliability and spatial exposure in the past. However, the CIP concept, in addition to regional spatial planning methods and procedures, needs comprehensive efforts to approach and synchronise both public functions.

The paper presents an overview of the expected role of spatial and environmental planning in coordination and integration with strategic planning for sustainable spatial/territorial, landscape and tourism development. The application of an integrated approach to sustainable territorial development planning and management in the European Union is also analyzed in the context of problems associated with and possibilities to enhance the European Landscape Convention and Agenda for a sustainable and competitive European tourism implementation. We have analyzed the contributions of reforms that have so far been implemented in current legislation and of planning bases to the establishment of coordinated sustainable territorial development planning and management in Serbia and to the procurement of support for the integration of sustainable tourism development and landscape planning and management into the process of spatial, environmental and sectoral planning. The approach to and problems of landscape protection and sustainable tourism development occurring in the practice in spatial planning are analyzed through examples of a new generation of spatial plans - the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, and a spatial plan of the special-purpose area for the Nature Park and Tourism Region of Stara Planina Mountain. Through the example of Mt Stara Planina, the role of strategic environmental assessment in coordination with spatial and sectoral planning is analyzed, as well as potential contribution to landscape integration and sustainable tourism development in the process of planning. The possibilities for better coordination of Serbian strategic planning in achieving the sustainable spatial and tourism development, and possibilities to integrate landscapes into the planning process are indicated.

Spatial planning in Indonesia, both national and regional spatial planning, has become a crucial problem that has developed dynamically in recent years. The urgency of spatial management in human life encourages the existence of statutory regulations to address spatial planning. Spatial planning is an important component in determining the success of a region's development, especially in the context of sustainable development. Rapid regional growth, both in urban and rural areas, has had a positive economic impact, but has also given rise to environmental problems, manifested in increasingly critical environmental conditions and the increasing intensity of natural disasters, partly caused by spatial planning violations. One of the significant impacts of spatial planning violations is flooding in Indonesia, which is often caused by land misuse. Therefore, enforcement of spatial planning laws and regulations closely related to flood management is critical. This study uses a qualitative research approach focusing on literature analysis, government policies, and empirical data related to flood management in Indonesia. Empirical data was obtained through interviews with legal experts, spatial planning experts, and related stakeholders. Deductive methods are used in data analysis to identify patterns and relationships between law enforcement, spatial planning regulations, and flood management. The results of this study show that strict law enforcement, clear spatial regulations, and increasing institutional capacity are the keys to reducing flood risk. With synergy between law enforcement and capacity building, potential flood risks can be minimized while building better community involvement and awareness.

BackgroundDistrict heating systems have been gaining importance in the last years. However, local circumstances, e.g. regarding heat demand and available heat sources, are diverse and new technologies especially in the low-temperature sector arise. Central aim of this research is to identify the impact of integrated spatial and energy planning on the environmental and economic sustainability of district heating systems, to distinguish between more and less appropriate areas for district heating and to build the basis for a low-barrier decision tool for local authorities regarding the identification of areas suitable for district heating, also showing spatial planning strategies to enhance the opportunities for district heating. Future changes until 2050 are analysed and planning principles derived; therefore, unpredictable parameters such as energy prices and subsidies are not included in this research.MethodsBased on the system analysis according to Vester, a modified method was developed. The following research fields were involved: spatial planning, resource management, environmental planning, and energy and building technology.ResultsAs main integrated spatial and energy planning aspects relevant for district heating, mix of functions, potential of compacting and extension, density of buildings, inhabitants and employees, building type, thermal insulation potential, and the used heat source(s) were identified. By steering these parameters, the feasibility of district heating systems can be enhanced. Indicators, directly linked to the feasibility of district heating systems are energy consumption density, number of annual full load hours, temperature level, and available heat source(s). Climate change, changes in building density, thermal insulation, and the mix of functions will influence district heating systems regarding environmental and economic aspects. Reduced heat consumption can be a threat to district heating systems, but can be balanced by decreasing inlet temperatures, making waste heat and renewables accessible.ConclusionsAs district heating systems are often advantageous to other forms of providing heat due to higher resilience, the economies of scale effect, or the potential of using energy surpluses (‘waste heat’), spatial planning policies must seek ways to provide for adequate building density and to enhance the mix of functions in order to ensure the long-term feasibility of district heating systems.

Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) serves as a guideline for policy development, including long-term regional development plans, medium-term regional development plans, industrial development plans, and investment implementation in the region Law Number 15 of 2019. The establishment of the RTRW in the form of regional regulations (PERDA) provides a strong legal basis for regional governments to direct development, maintain environmental sustainability, prevent conflicts due to overlapping land use, and support sustainable economic growth without neglecting ecological aspects, as well as creating a balance between development and environmental preservation. In an effort to achieve the goals of the state, national development is carried out by all components of the nation and in its implementation there have been two changes to the spatial planning policy of Jambi province since the enactment of Jambi provincial regulation number 9 of 1993The Jambi Province spatial planning plan is no longer in line with regional, economic, political, and environmental developments, resulting in a decline in the quality of space in the Jambi Province region. The research method used is normative juridical, namely a study that focuses on legal norms, legal principles, and legal systems related to the issues discussed. The research findings show that changes in the spatial planning of mining areas in Jambi Province are the result of a complex interaction between internal and external factors, including economic, policy, environmental, social, and the dynamics of national spatial planning law. Internal factors such as the potential for large coal resources, limited logistics infrastructure, and the need for mining infrastructure development have driven changes in the spatial structure and spatial patterns of the region. Furthermore, enforcing compliance with spatial planning is key to directing mining activities to comply with sustainability principles and applicable laws.

The article examines the thesaurus of the «spatial planning» category. The advantages of having a comprehensive spatial development plan for the territory of the territorial community for the local self-government body and other stakeholders of the community have been identified. The ability of territorial communities to carry out spatial planning in the context of the provision of financial resources and qualified personnel is analyzed. The state's financial support for the process of developing comprehensive plans for spatial development in communities was assessed, based on which a conclusion was drawn regarding the feasibility of restoring subventions from the state budget to local budgets for the development of comprehensive plans for spatial development of the territories of territorial communities. The main restraining factors in the context of the development of a comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the territorial community have been identified and described, such as the insufficient expert capacity of communities to develop comprehensive plans, the lack of qualified specialists in communities to perform tasks related to spatial planning; outdated cartographic basis; lack of sufficient financial resources in communities to develop a comprehensive plan. Based on this, it is argued that the drivers of the activation of spatial planning as an important tool for the formation of the integrated economic space of Ukraine today are the triad of main factors: qualified personnel, financial support, up-to-date and objective information. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of attracting by the authority's various levels of assistance from international donors in the context of financial support for the process of developing comprehensive spatial plans, as this will contribute to the coverage of more territories of the country with spatial planning in a shorter period. It is argued that in order to achieve the effectiveness of spatial planning in the context of the formation of an integrated economic space of Ukraine, local self-government bodies should: harmonize the processes of spatial and strategic planning, as well as mutually agree on all planning documents; update general plans of settlements; promote the maximum involvement of stakeholders and the consideration of public opinion during the execution of spatial planning works.

The integration of the environmental dimension into sectoral and regional policies constitutes a dominant concern of the current EU strategy for sustainable development. Thus, physical planning as an instrument of environmental policy and its combination with environmental planning, both at a policy as well as implementation level is a key pursuit in almost all European countries. In Greece, the adoption of a concept about a rational and unified approach of physical and environmental planning has met with many difficulties. The aim of this paper is to contribute towards a critical approach of recent developments, mainly in the field of the institutional framework for spatial and environmental planning in Greece.

In certain cases, the conversion of paddy fields is unavoidable. Nevertheless, the change in land use must consider various aspects of the feasibility of development, both legal aspects, physical aspects of the area, the environment and others.The objectives are to, analyze the implementation of the policy on the transfer of agricultural land into residential areas, and analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the policy. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, using primary and secondary data. Data collection methods are interviews, in-depth (Indep interview) and direct discussion or Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and literature review.
 The results of the study indicate that the activity of land conversion into a residential area in West Lombok Regency has been guided by the Regional Regulation and Regional Spatial Planning (RSP) No. 11 / 2011. The use of agricultural land for residential areas has been regulated in the determination of the spatial pattern of residential areas in urban areas. and rural areas, the inhibiting factor in implementing the land use change policy is the absence of a detailed regional spatial planning plan and the limited number of field officers. The supporting factors are the Regional Spatial Planning Coordination Team, which is coordinated by the Regional Secretary. The recommendation given is to immediately issue a Detailed Spatial Plan so that there is an even distribution of housing areas. It is necessary to make a regional regulation that specifically examines and regulates the conversion of land functions.

This research aims to describe policy implementation and explain the factors that influence the implementation of spatial planning policies to maintain protected rice fields based on regional regulation Number 6 of 2022 concerning Malang City's regional spatial planning plans for 2022-2042. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with an inductive approach. The theory used in the policy implementation theory put forward by George C. Edwards III with indicators of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques are used through data collection, data condensation, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verification. The research results show that based on the implementation of spatial planning policies to maintain protected rice fields in Malang City, spatial planning activities were carried out without community participation. Spatial planning regulations to maintain protected rice fields are outside the vision and mission of Malang City. Space utilization is carried out through provisions on the suitability of space utilization activities, indications of leading programs, and synchronized implementation of space utilization programs. Meanwhile, control of space utilization is carried out through supervision, monitoring and administration of administrative sanctions. Supporting factors consist of clarity of regulations, adequate resources, a positive attitude of implementers, and clarity of division of authority. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include socialization not progressing, regulatory inconsistencies, clarity of budget allocation, implementing incentives and non-existent SOPs. Apart from that, there are external inhibiting factors, namely the high selling price of land and other livelihoods. In the future, the Regional Government of Malang City needs to make special regulations that regulate the details of protected ...

Over the last 10–15 years, urban planners in the Netherlands have been given more policy space for defining area-specific environmental ambitions, in an attempt to promote further the integration of environmental and urban planning. This increased policy space has offered new opportunities, but also poses new challenges for urban planners. Urban planners often appear to struggle with the issue of how to come to an operationalization of area-specific urban environmental quality. Various planning tools exist that can assist planners with these tasks. In this paper we distinguish between ‘substance-oriented’ tools such as environmental impact assessments and ‘process-oriented’ tools that facilitate interaction and consensus building among planners and stakeholders. Recently, in the Netherlands, a distinct type of ‘hybrid’ planning tool has been developed specifically for defining area-based environmental ambitions in spatial plans, coupled with the development of measures for attaining these ambitions. However, little research has been conducted into how these planning tools perform in practice and how this can be understood, especially in comparison with more traditional ‘substance-oriented’ and ‘process-oriented’ planning tools. In this paper we assess the added value of the new hybrid tools on the basis of an analysis of three exemplary case studies. Although the tools seem to be helpful in assisting urban planners to better integration of environmental and spatial planning, there are some aspects that deserve more attention, including the identification of financial consequences of environmental ambitions, and guidelines for dealing with controversies. Future research is recommended into the influence of the hybrid tools on their sociopolitical contexts, their performance in comparison with other hybrid planning tools, and their effective design.

Despite their strategic hydrological importance for neighbouring areas, the Polish Carpathians are experiencing spatial chaos, which may weaken their adaptability to the progressive climate change. The article attempts to answer the question of whether spatial planning, which is supposed to guarantee spatial order, fulfils its role and whether the knowledge of the natural conditions of spatial development is respected in the spatial planning process. Using GIS techniques, up to 238 communes were analysed in terms of their spatial coverage, the degree of scattered settlement, and the violation of natural barriers by location of buildings in areas that are threatened with mass movements or floods; by settlement on excessively inclined slopes and in areas with adverse climatic conditions. Spearman non-parametric rank correlation analysis and the multidimensional Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique were performed to investigate relations between spatial chaos indicators and the planning situation. The analysis of the data has revealed that spatial planning does not fulfil its role. Serious errors in location of buildings have been noted even though the communes are covered by local spatial development plans. Scientific knowledge is not sufficiently transferred into planning documents, and bottom-up initiatives cannot replace systemic solutions. There is a need for strengthening the role of environmental studies documents in the spatial planning system. This would facilitate the transfer of scientific knowledge into the planning process and help to protect mountain areas. The development of a special spatial strategy for the Polish Carpathians in compliance with the Carpathian Convention is also recommended.

Land use in South Lampung Regency continues to experience development, which is influenced by rapid population growth within five years after the planning year began in 2010. Various types of land-use changes that have occurred in South Lampung Regency indicate in the spatial changes of South Lampung Regency, which has been planned especially in the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of South Lampung Regency for 2011-2031, one of which is the plantation area (belonging to PTPN VII) to become land for ITERA. There are preventive measures that can be made so that the spatial plan can still be following its development objectives. It is necessary to research by evaluating South Lampung Regency's spatial use based on its spatial plan, especially by RTRW. Based on the analysis, there is a deviation of land use in South Lampung Regency with 48.46%, which is divided into spatial structure plans and spatial pattern plans.

The Lebak Regency spatial planning plan was prepared based on Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan for 2014-2034 with the aim of creating a highly competitive and sustainable Regency regional space based on agriculture, plantations, tourism and mining. To realize this, spatial planning is needed based on the principles of spatial planning contained in Article 2 of Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. The research method used is the normative juridical method. The normative juridical method is defined as research on statutory rules, both from the perspective of the statutory hierarchy (vertical) and the harmonious relationship of legislation (horizontal). The purpose of this writing is to find out how the application of spatial planning principles in the Lebak Regency Spatial Planning Plan for Mining Activities in the Mount Liman Area is Reviewed Based on Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the regional government has attempted to control spatial planning and supervision of illegal gold mining in Lebak Regency. Regulations for mining activities in Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning Lebak Regency Spatial Planning for 2014-2034. Article 64 paragraph (5) letter c does not allow mining in protected areas. However, there is a discrepancy in the application of spatial planning principles in the 2014-2034 Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan, namely consisting of the principle of integration, the principle of harmony, harmony and balance, the principle of sustainability, the principle of efficiency and effectiveness as well as the principle of legal certainty and justice. This is due to the determination of the Cirinten sub-district area as a mining area.

This study aims to determine whether the spatial and regional policies in the regions are in sync with the national spatial planning arrangements. The method used in this research is using a normative juridical research method, with the main data being secondary data in the form of documents related to regional spatial planning policies in the region, then the data is analyzed by qualitative analysis by providing an interpretation of the data that has been collected. The results show that the regional policy of Demak Regency in spatial planning as outlined in the form of a regional regulation with the aim of realizing regional space based on superior agricultural and industrial sectors, supported by the service trade and tourism sectors that are environmentally sustainable, refers to the Act. Number 6 of 2007, and Act No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Goals, Government Regulation number 26 of 2008.The Regional Regulation on RT/RW regulates, among others: a) spatial planning policy, b) spatial planning strategy, c) spatial structure plan, d) spatial pattern plan, e) determination of strategic areas, f) spatial utilization direction, g) spatial utilization control direction, h ) rights, obligations and roles of the community, i) institutions, thus the policy for structuring spatial planning in the sub-region is in sync with the structuring of national spatial plans�