Diciclo: Flexible User-level Services for Efficient Multitenant Isolation

Abstract

Containers are a mainstream virtualization technique for running stateful workloads over persistent storage. In highly utilized multitenant hosts, resource contention at the system kernel leads to inefficient container input/output (I/O) handling. Although there are interesting techniques to address this issue, they incur high implementation complexity and execution overhead. As a cost-effective alternative, we introduce the Diciclo architecture with our assumptions, goals, and principles. For each tenant, Diciclo isolates the control and data I/O path at user level and runs dedicated storage systems. Diciclo includes the libservice unified user-level abstraction of system services and the node structure design pattern for the application and server side. We prototyped a toolkit of user-level components that comprise the library to invoke the standard I/O calls, the I/O communication mechanism, and the I/O services. Based on Diciclo, we built Danaus, a filesystem client that integrates a union filesystem with a Ceph distributed filesystem client and configurable shared cache. Across different host configurations, workloads, and systems, Danaus achieves improved performance stability, because it handles I/O with reserved per-tenant resources and avoids intensive kernel locking. Based on having built and evaluated Danaus, we share valuable lessons about resource contention, file management, service separation, and performance stability in multitenant systems.