Abstract

A new method has been proposed to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a bridge model, in which the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to track the dynamic displacement. A key issue in vibration‐based damage detection for a bridge is to determine its modal parameters. It is difficult to use traditional acceleration sensors to obtain the accurate mode shapes of bridges as the sensors are only deployed on a few measurement points of the bridges. In this article, the DIC technique is used to capture the movement of the entire experimental bridge model. A steel truss is used as a bridge model and stimulated by a hammer; its dynamic displacement is recorded by using a digital video camera. The correlation analysis is used to track the displacement of the points of interest, and their displacement time histories are inputted into a modal analysis system; the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge model were obtained by both operational modal analysis (OMA) and traditional experimental modal analysis (EMA) methods. (1) The DIC results are compared with those obtained by a traditional acceleration sensor‐based method; the natural frequencies obtained by the two measurement methods are very close. (2) The DIC results are sensitive to the amplitude of the measured displacement and the shooting distance; small displacement amplitudes and long shooting distance may result in the low quality of the measured time‐history curves, and low‐frequency noise signals might be observed in their power spectral density (PSD) curves, while they can be easily solved by the filtering method in this article. (3) In addition, the first frequencies obtained by EMA and OMA are very close, which validates the applicability of the DIC measurement under ambient excitation. The research has illustrated the feasibility of the DIC method for obtaining the modal parameters of the bridges.

Highlights

  • A new method has been proposed to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a bridge model, in which the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to track the dynamic displacement

  • (2) For the DIC-based response measurement, the dynamic movement of the truss is recorded by the digital video camera and the images are processed by the DIC method presented in Section 2.2; the displacement time histories of the points of interest are obtained and inputted into the kit software, and the modal parameters are gained by analyzing the power spectral density (PSD) and cross-power spectrum (CPS) of response signals of different points

  • Both time histories display typical damped free vibration. e first natural frequencies are 4.42 Hz and 4.49 Hz indicated, respectively, by the PSD curves of the DIC and sensor measurements, and the relative error is 1%. e PSD curve of the sensor measurement shows the second frequency of 16.97 Hz, while no other peaks could be found on the PSD curve of the DIC measurement

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Summary

Operational Modal Analyses

E recorded images are processed by the DIC method to obtain the displacement time histories of the points of interest, which are inputted into a dynamic analysis system along with the excitation force time history, and the FRFs, PSDs, and CPSs are obtained and the modal parameters are extracted. (2) For the DIC-based response measurement, the dynamic movement of the truss is recorded by the digital video camera and the images are processed by the DIC method presented in Section 2.2; the displacement time histories of the points of interest are obtained and inputted into the kit software, and the modal parameters are gained by analyzing the PSDs and CPSs of response signals of different points.

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