Abstract
On account of its supreme hardness and outstanding material properties, diamond covers a wide range of applications in both scientific and industrial fields. Since the natural diamonds are formed as a result of complicated and multifarious growth conditions inside the Earth, they contain many crystal defects, innumerable impurities, and many internal strains. These drawbacks can be overcome by synthetic diamonds which is synthesized under high pressure and high temperature conditions by employing either direct or solvent-assisted processes. In this review, we emphasize high-pressure synthesis of diamonds using direct graphite to diamond transformation as well as solvent assisted methods. Besides conventional high-pressure diamond synthesis, we also cover synthesis under extreme high pressure and high temperature conditions using laser heating diamond anvil cell and ultra-hard nano-polycrystalline diamond synthesis. Mechanism of graphite to diamond transformation is also briefly discussed.
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