Diameters of Perikarya in Different Regions of Rat Central Nervous System after Streptomycin and Kanamycin Intoxication

Rati Tandon,Professor, Department Of Anatomy, J.n.m.c, A.m.u, Aligarh ,Senior Resident, Department Of Anatomy, J.n.m.c, A.m.u, Aligarh ,Prerna Gupta,Associate Professor, Department Of Anatomy, Integral Medical College, Lucknow ,Nafis Ahmad Faruqi,Masooma Syed

doi:10.21276/aanat.2019.5.1.13

Rati Tandon, Professor, Department Of Anatomy, J.n.m.c, A.m.u, Aligarh + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2019.5.1.13

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Abstract

Introduction: Streptomycin and Kanamycin, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic, is known to destroy the ventral cochlear nuclei of brainstem in man. Ototoxicity is well known side effect of kanamycin, the effect on central nervous system in general and central auditory pathway in particular is still unclear. Subjects and Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into three groups I, II and III of ten animals each. Group III was control. Group I and II received Streptomycin (30mg/Kg body weight) and kanamycin (400mg/kg body weight) intramuscular injections, daily for 3 weeks. Paraffin embedded sections of cerebellum, spinal cord, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus nucleus and auditory cortex were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains and perikarya measured using slide and ocular micrometres. Results: Size of cerebellar Purkinje cells increased significantly in control rats for streptomycin and kanamycin intoxicated animals respectively. Ventral horn cells of spinal cord are affected highly significantly only by streptomycin. Vestibular nucleus also showed similar results i.e. neuronal body. Neurons of dorsal cochlear nucleus is affected significantly by both the drugs i.e. streptomycin and kanamycin. Conclusion: Streptomycin causes an increase in diameter of auditory cortical cells on other hand kanamycin led to highly significant decrement in size of cells of same region. Preferential affinity and differential effects were noticed. The latter throws some clues about mechanism of action.

Highlights

Streptomycin and Kanamycin, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic, is known to destroy the ventral cochlear nuclei of brainstem in man
The control value of 11.95 μm neurons of dorsal cochlear nucleus is affected significantly by both the drugs i.e. streptomycin and kanamycin but the former caused increased in the value to 14.49 μm and latter resultant decreased in the measurement to 10.38 μm
There was 30% and 10% increase in size by kanamycin in medium and small sized cells respectively while only 19% and 9% increase in two cell types respectively by streptomycin

Summary

Introduction

Streptomycin, an aminoglycosidic antibiotic, is known to destroy the ventral cochlear nuclei of brainstem in man.[1] Kanamycin, another member of same group was introduced by Umezava to supplement streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin.[2] ototoxicity is well known side effect of kanamycin, the effect on central nervous system in general and central auditory pathway in particular is still unclear.[1] Both the drugs are antitubercular, but the kanacmycin is often used intramuscularly in resistant cases of septicaemia due to Escherichia coli and Proteus.[3] Toxicities of both the drugs have been explored at multiple levels of organzations i.e.biochemical,[4,5] histochemical and neurohistological.[6,7,8] the mechanism of action is yet to be ascertained. Looking into the study with different angle might provide some clue to mechanism of action

Subjects and Methods

Discussion

Findings

Conclusion