Diamagnetic response of a superconducting surface superstructure: Si(111)- √7×√3 -In

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How does one detect the Meissner effect in ultrathin superconducting films that are usually extremely sensitive to air? Here, the authors succeed in observing the diamagnetic response of a superconducting surface superstructure by using an $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0.333em}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u$ two-coil mutual inductance technique embedded in a specially designed scanning tunneling microscope. The diamagnetic measurement allows for the calculation of the penetration depth, which provides invaluable information about the nature of superconductivity and the symmetry of the underlying order parameter.