Diallel analysis of popcorn populations for yield, popping expansion and resistance to fall armyworm

Edicarlos Peterlini,Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior,Carlos Alberto Scapim,Ronald José Barth Pinto,Filipe Augusto Bengosi Bertagna,Diego Ary Rizzardi

doi:10.1590/0034-737x202067040006

Edicarlos Peterlini, Antônio Teixeira Do Amaral Júnior + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202067040006

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to estimate the varietal and heterotic effects related to grain yield, popping expansion and resistance of popcorn against fall armyworm. Twelve open-pollinated varieties were intercrossed in a complete diallel mating scheme. The 66 experimental hybrids, together with their parents and controls Zapalote Chico, BRS 1030 and IAC 125, resulted in a total of 81 treatments, evaluated in an experiment in a 9x9 triple-square lattice design, in Maringa-PR and Araruna-PR. The data were analyzed according to the diallel model of Gardner and Eberhart (1966). The following traits were evaluated: grain yield (GR); mean plant height (PH) and insertion height of the highest ear in the stem (EI); silking (SIL); final plant density (FD) and popping expansion (PE). Variety PR 023 is indicated for intrapopulation improvement for grain yield. Regarding popping expansion, the results indicated cross SAM x UNB 2U C5 for recurrent reciprocal selection. In relation to resistance to fall armyworm, the varieties PARA 172, PA 091, PR 023, and SE 013 were selected for intrapopulation improvement. On the other hand, the crosses PARA 172 x BOZM 260, PA 091 x BOYA 462 and SAM x UNB 2U C5 can be indicated for interpopulation improvement.

Highlights

Popcorn (Zea mays L.) is a popular and widely consumed food in Brazil
The following traits were evaluated: a) grain yield (GR), kg ha-1, b) mean plant height (PH) and insertion height of the highest ear in the stem (EI) in cm; c) silking (SIL), in days; d) final plant density (FD) and e) popping expansion (PE), calculated as the ratio between expanded popcorn volume and raw grain weight.For each plot, a 30 g grain sample was popped in an electric popper, with automatic temperature control, set at 280oC, developed by Embrapa-National Center for Research and Development of Agricultural and Livestock Instrumentation (CNPDIA)
In a study using diallel analysis for 16 maize populations adapted to the Corn Belt region, Laude and Carena (2014) found highly significant effects of the G x E interaction for traits related to grain yield and quality

Summary

Introduction

Popcorn (Zea mays L.) is a popular and widely consumed food in Brazil. Commercial cultivation is modest, as a consequence of the lack of high quality genotypes, unlike in the case of common corn (Zea mays L.). The development of cultivars with desirable traits, such as better plant health and high grain yield, is fundamental to promote popcorn cultivation. Other important factors in popcorn breeding are aspects related to quality, such as grain texture and softness. The establishment of cultivars that unite the desirable agronomic traits with a high popping expansion is one of the greatest difficulties in popcorn breeding (Moterle et et al, 2012; Gonçalves et al, 2014)

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