Abstract
This chapter explains a study of food samples using wheat flour tortillas of various types as a case study with the aid of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). It reviews recent progress in the application of LIBS in several broad classes of biomedical diagnostics. The chapter looks at the factors affecting LIBS plasma, which include laser characteristics, wavelength and pulse duration of laser, properties of target material, time window of observation, geometric setup, and ambient gas. It also discusses methods of enhancing LIBS sensitivity, which hinges on a comparison with other elemental analysis techniques besides a brief overview of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) plasmas and non-LTE plasmas. The chapter further discusses laser-plasma expansion in gas and liquids (modeling and validation) and chemistry in laser plasmas, as well as the physical aspects of LIBS plasmas, considering both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations.
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