Abstract

Plain Language SummaryRetinal vasculitis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiologies and clinical manifestations. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical assessment, ophthalmic imaging, and tailored laboratory investigations. Clinical examination involves identifying specific vascular involvement patterns and associated findings. Ophthalmic imaging techniques such as fundus fluorescein angiography, ultra-widefield fundus photography and angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography imaging aid in visualizing retinal vascular changes, macular edema, neovascularization, and structural alterations. These modalities provide valuable insights into disease activity, severity, and treatment response. Laboratory diagnostics, guided by clinical and imaging findings, aim to differentiate infectious from noninfectious causes and may include serological assays, inflammatory markers, proteomic analysis, and genetic testing to uncover underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A tailored approach to diagnosis ensures optimal management and preservation of vision in patients with retinal vasculitis.

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