Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women today. In fact, ovarian cancer is responsible for more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, 20,000 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year. Since diagnosis early on is associated with improved rates of survival, an effective screening strategy that detects early stage ovarian cancer may have a significant impact on mortality from the disease. Cancer researchers are under way to develop more accurate tumor markers that can be used to identify disease in its early stages, to predict the effectiveness of treatment, or to predict the chance of cancer recurrence after treatment has ended. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is an established biomarker for ovarian cancer detection. As CA125 effectiveness in the identification of the malignancy is threatened by its low diagnostic specificity, measurements of other tumor marker, Human epididymis protein4 (He4), in the serum have been proposed for improving the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory identification of the disease. The aim of our research study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of Human epididymis protein4 (He4) in ovarian cancer patients. Our study group consisted of 90 Sudanese ladies age range (16-80) years old attending Gynological Oncology clinics in Omdurman Military hospitals. Blood samples were collected and centrifugated using standardized procedure, all analyses were performed in serum samples. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) serum concentration were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (CUSABIO ELISA kits) for the quantitative invitro diagnostic measurement. the data were treated Statistically. The study results shown that epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common ovarian cancer type in Sudan followed by germ cell tumors. Serum level of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) biomarker within the reference range in the control group. In contrast, increasing serum level of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were obtained in the ovarian cancer patients, A general agreement that a combination of multiple biomarkers may increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity over use of individual marker. The results of this study confirmed that, by combining He4 measurements with cancer antigen 125, we can improve the diagnostics performance for OC. HE4 is a relatively stable serum biomarker for ovarian cancer with a higher diagnostic prediction.
Highlights
Introduction and Literature ReviewOvarian cancer is a malignant tumour in one or both ovaries
It can start in any of the three cell types found in the ovary Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers all develop in the same type of cell and are very similar Recent research suggests that many epithelial ovarian cancers start in the fallopian tubes
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum biomarker from patients presenting with ovarian cancer. we especially desired to investigate levels of Human epididymis protein4 (HE4)
Summary
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumour in one or both ovaries It can start in any of the three cell types found in the ovary Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers all develop in the same type of cell and are very similar Recent research suggests that many epithelial ovarian cancers start in the fallopian tubes. Despite being one-tenth as common as breast cancer, it is three times more lethal, and carries a 1:70 lifetime risk This year, approximately 20,180 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 15,310 will die in USA from the disease [1]. Ovarian cancer presents with very few, if any, specific symptoms [2]
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