DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN VARIOUS DISEASES

Abstract

Exosomes are lipid bilayer- enclosed membrane bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that secreted by cells under physiological conditions called extracellular vesicles (EV). EVs participate in are natural carrier which can transfer DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner. Exosome cargo having cell cycle related mRNA from cancer promotes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and exosome play a significant role in angiogenesis by vascular endothelial cells. Exosome cargos showed significant role in pathogenesis of central nervous system related disease and exosomal content can act as biomarkers for specific central nervous system related disorders. It has been observed that viral infected cell release exosome more frequently as compared to non- infected cells; which might be act as indicator of viral infection. It was found that exosomes act as extracellular communicator in ischemic signaling and myocardial repair and several studies evidently prove that in adult heart, exosome secreted by myocardial tissue involved in hetero-cellular communication. It has been suggested that exosomes could play an important role in prognosis of various disease like cancer, disease related to nervous system, infections disease and cardiovascular disease. Exosomes secretion plays important role in disease pathogenesis and may be serve as an important biomedical tool as a biomarker in early detection of various disease.