Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common diseases. Health care workers in all countries of the world are concerned with the early detection and prevention of kidney diseases. Several novel diagnostic markers are being under investigation nowadays. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptors are examples.
 Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1 (TNFR1) as a biomarker for detection of renal dysfunction.
 Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for the period from February to June 2019 and included 180 patients (their ages were between 19 and 85 years old) and were divided into 60 patients with renal impairment, 60 hemodialysis patients, and 60 patients with normal renal function (as a control group). Each group included patients with hypertension, patients with diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive- diabetic patients.
 The patients were attended to Center of Kidney Disease and Transplantation, Dialysis Unit of Baghdad Teaching Hospital – Medical City , Dialysis Unit of Tikrit Teaching Hospital and private laboratory in Samarra City.
 Urine sample was collected from each patient for bacteriological study and detection the level of TNFR1.
 Results: The most common pathogen isolated from cultured samples was Escherichia coli. Concentration of urinary TNFR1 in hypertensive and or diabetic with normal kidney function compared with hypertensive or and diabetic renal impairment did not differ statistically significant. Conclusion: Urinary level of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) is not important in the diagnosis of renal impairment with the presence of hypertension and or diabetes mellitus. Through statistical comparisons of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) group and those without UTI group , it seems that UTI does not affect the diagnostic ability of urinary TNFR1. We recommend future studies focusing on serum level of the receptors mentioned above to test their diagnostic potential in renal impairment. In addition, investigating the effect of the immunological causes of renal impairment on the level of TNFR, both in urine and serum.
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