Abstract
Publisher Summary Molecular genetics is based on detecting locus-specific differences between individuals. The loci studied may be the single genes of known identity, which necessarily occupy specific chromosome locations, or unique but anonymous chromosomal position markers identified only by their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences. The latter are more powerful analytically because they frequently show greater inter-individual variations; they are the basis for the best current human and murine linkage maps. Unfortunately, these anonymous markers cannot generally be related directly to specific biologic function(s). By contrast, the former are directly related to—and frequently derived from—specific genes and can be used to identify the precise mutation(s) responsible for specific traits. DNA-based gene analysis can proceed by several established methods. The first method relies on producing site-specific cleavage of chromosomal DNA with restriction enzymes and separating the thousands of resulting fragments by gel electrophoresis. The second approach to DNA-based gene analysis uses the variations of the basic technique of copying any given DNA fragment by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Published Version
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