Abstract
This systematic review evaluated accuracy of ureteric jet angles on color Doppler sonography in diagnosing vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, using voiding cystourethrogram as the reference standard. Six databases were searched, yielding 13 eligible studies of an initial 429, 7 with comparable data. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Most studies demonstrated a correlation between increasing jet angle and VUR severity, but reporting and techniques varied, preventing meta-analysis. Ureteric jet angle sonography may have potential as a VUR triaging tool. Further investigations with rigorous methodology are required. Funding support was obtained from Queensland University of Technology. PROSPERO Registration CRD42020159799.
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