Abstract
Bone and joint infections are common worldwide and cause considerable morbidity for the patient. Despite recent advances, they are difficult and expensive to treat. Regardless of the infection type (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, fracture-related infections, or periprosthetic joint infection), patients may suffer from chronic ill health, multiple revision surgeries and prolonged hospital stay. An accurate diagnosis is the first step for successful treatment and infection control. However, due to the lack of a single test providing 100% accuracy, interdisciplinary teamwork is needed to diagnose bone and joint infections more precisely. Nevertheless, the diagnosis remains very challenging, especially in infections caused by low virulence organisms. This review will describe the diagnostic methods for septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, fracture-related infections and periprosthetic joint infections in current use in clinical practice.
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