Abstract
Lentigo maligna (LM), also known as Hutchinson's melanotic freckle, is a form of in situ melanoma characterized by the proliferation of atypical melanocytes along the basal epidermis in sun-damaged skin. If left untreated, LM will progress to lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), a form of invasive melanoma with the same prognosis as other forms of invasive melanoma. LM is more common in the elderly, with a peak occurrence between the ages of 65 and 80 years. LM, however, is rarely present on the trunk and extremities. The diagnosis of LM, confirmed by histopathological and biopsy examination, is based on clinical and dermoscopic features. It typically begins as a tan-brown macule or patch, but it can progress to a variegated pigmentation with dark black color or even amelanotic characteristics. The risk factors involved in the LM development include a history of sunburns, lighter skin types, advanced age, history of nonmelanoma skin cancers, and tendency to form solar lentigines. This article explains the clinical presentation of LM, also reviews the available information on the diagnosis and management of LM, and discusses the potential of such information in facilitating the future prospective.
Highlights
Lentigo maligna (LM) is the noninvasive counterpart to lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), which was first described by Hutchinson in the year 1890 [1]
In contrast to other subtypes of melanoma, ultraviolet radiation appears to play a vital role in its pathogenesis, with chronic rather than frequent sun exposure increasing the risk of LM [7]. e case report and current review aim to investigate the previous data on the diagnosis and management of LM/LMM
While Machine learning (ML) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are likely to play an essential role in the potential management of LM/LMM, there are still limitations that must be overcome by the use of broader image datasets that best reflect various skin forms, such as benign lesions and photographs taken in an unregulated manner with consumer cameras
Summary
Lentigo maligna (LM) is the noninvasive counterpart to lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), which was first described by Hutchinson in the year 1890 [1]. Even long-standing lesions are rarely invasive, and among all melanoma subtypes, LM has one of the highest 5-year survival rates, with an estimated 97.2 percent survival rate [3]. Of cases will progress to LMM if left untreated, with latency periods varying between 10 and 50 years. Sun exposure, and a proclivity for lentigines are all risk factors for the development of LM. Unlike melanoma that spreads superficially, LMM is more closely linked to history of skin cancer and prior lentigines and is not linked to preexisting nevi or the likelihood of developing nevi [8]. In contrast to other subtypes of melanoma, ultraviolet radiation appears to play a vital role in its pathogenesis, with chronic rather than frequent sun exposure increasing the risk of LM [7]. In contrast to other subtypes of melanoma, ultraviolet radiation appears to play a vital role in its pathogenesis, with chronic rather than frequent sun exposure increasing the risk of LM [7]. e case report and current review aim to investigate the previous data on the diagnosis and management of LM/LMM
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