Abstract
By considering the prevalence of depression in subjects with sleep disorders, our purpose is diagnosis of depression in these subjects. Shortened REM latency (i.e, the interval between sleep onset and the occurrence of the first REM period), increased REM sleep duration and increased REM density (i.e., the frequency of rapid eye movements per REM period) have been considered as biological markers of depression, so to diagnose of depression in subjects with sleep disorders we used analysis of EEG signal in REM sleep. The features of frequency and time domains in four channels (C3-C4-O1-O2) and four bands (delta, alpha, beta ,gamma) of REM sleep EEG were compared in 10 depressed (37.5 ± 8.34 years; mean ± standard deviation) and 14 non-depressed (36.6 ± 11.1 years; mean ± standard deviation) subjects with sleep disorders. According to results, most of the significant differences (P<0.05) have related to C3 and O1, in first stage and first period of REM sleep. Our results also show significant increase of beta activity in depressed subjects. Mahalanobis distance has classified 91.7% of the depressed and non-depressed subjects correctly.
Highlights
Depression is one of the most commonly occurring of the major psychiatric disorders that profoundly affects individuals' thoughts, emotions, sense of self, behaviors, interpersonal relations, physical functioning, biological processes, work productivity, and overall life satisfaction [1]
In this study using processing of REM sleep EEG signal, depression was diagnosed among people with sleep disorders
The studying of delta band features has shown that activity of this band in depressed subjects with sleep disorders always was lower, the difference was not significant
Summary
Depression is one of the most commonly occurring of the major psychiatric disorders that profoundly affects individuals' thoughts, emotions, sense of self, behaviors, interpersonal relations, physical functioning, biological processes, work productivity, and overall life satisfaction [1]. Many studies have done on the analysis of sleep EEG signals in depressed patient and demonstrated that REM latency (interval between sleep onset and the occurrence of the first REM sleep period) was shorter in patients with depression and correlated inversely with severity of disease [9,10]. By diagnose of psychologist and according to Beck depression inventory (BDI) that was taken from subjects before EEG investigation, 10 persons (37.5 ± 8.34 years; mean ± standard deviation) were depressed with BDI score more than 18 and 14 persons (36.6 ± 11.1 years) were non-depressed with BDI score below 10 These persons only complained of insomnia, hypersomnia, dream and nightmare, excessive daytime sleepiness or poor quality of sleep and none of them had rest leg syndrome (RLS), breathing disorders like apnea or chronic snoring and other sleep disorders. All parts of this step performed using the version 20 of SPSS software
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