Abstract

Diabetes increases endometrial cancer risk. We investigated the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on the risk of endometrial cancer using data from a multicentric, Italian hospital-based case–control study (1992–2006) enrolling 454 histologically confirmed cases of endometrial cancer and 908 controls matched by age and center. We derived a DRRD score assigning higher scores for higher intakes of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio, and nuts and for lower glycemic load and lower intakes of red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices. The odds ratios (OR) of endometrial cancer according to the DRRD score were derived by multiple conditional logistic regression models. The OR for high (DRRD score >24, i.e., third tertile) versus medium–low adherence to the DRRD was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.55–0.97). Similar results were observed after the exclusion of diabetic women (OR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56–1.00) and allowance for total vegetable consumption (OR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60–1.07). Inverse associations were observed in most of the analyzed subgroups. The OR for high DRRD combined with high vegetable consumption was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.28–0.73). Our results suggest that diets able to reduce diabetes risk may also reduce endometrial cancer risk. High vegetable consumption combined with high adherence to the DRRD may provide additional benefit in endometrial cancer prevention.

Highlights

  • Introduction iationsEndometrial cancer arises predominantly in post-menopausal women [1]

  • The category associated with the highest endometrial cancer risk was used as the reference category

  • A suggestive reduced risk of endometrial cancer of borderline statistical significance was observed after adjusting for total vegetable consumption, with an odds ratios (OR) of 0.80

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Summary

Introduction

Introduction iationsEndometrial cancer arises predominantly in post-menopausal women [1]. A direct association between a high glycemic load (GL) diet and the risk of endometrial cancer was reported by several studies [23,24], but the evidence is not fully consistent [25,26,27]. High adherence to the DRRD was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in an Italian case–control study [40].

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