Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, parabens, and triclosan are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); that is, they are exogenous substances that alter functions of the endocrine system and may cause adverse health effects. BPA and phthalates are plasticizers, whereas parabens and triclosan are antimicrobial chemicals or preservatives (Giulivo et al. 2016). Nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors are EDC targets and BPA, selected phthalates, and parabens can bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) (Mallozzi et al. 2017; Nowak et al. 2018; Zacharewski et al. 1998). Because exposure to estrogen unopposed by progesterone is key to endometrial cancer development (Key and Pike 1988), we investigated whether BPA, triclosan, parabens, and phthalate metabolites were associated with endometrial cancer risk among participants in the prospective Multiethnic Cohort (MEC).
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