Abstract
Diabetes insipidus: Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon disturbance in water metabolism resulting from a deficiency in the action of the antidiuretic hormone caused either by neurohypophyseal disorder difficulty its secretion (central diabetes insipidus) or by impaired renal response (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). Clinically is characterized by polydipsia and polyuria. Water deprivation test, which assesses the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine, is the confirmatory diagnostic test. Differential diagnosis includes: primary polydipsia (hypotonic urination secondary to excessive fluid intake) and osmotic diuresis. In order to distinguish between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, vasopressin levels and desmopressin response have to be assessed. Desmopressin is the treatment of central diabetes insipidus. On the other hand, and in order to facilitate kidney urine concentration, diuretic drugs (mainly thiazide diuretics) appear as the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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