Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem that usually comes with severe complications. There is no cure for diabetes yet and the threat of these complications is what keeps researchers investigating mechanisms and treatments for diabetes mellitus. Due to advancements in genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and single-cell multiomics research, considerable progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus. In addition, investigation of the association between diabetes and other physiological systems revealed potentially novel pathways and targets involved in the initiation and progress of diabetes. This review focuses on current advancements in studying the mechanisms of diabetes by using genomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and single-cell multiomic analysis methods. It will also focus on recent findings pertaining to the relationship between diabetes and other biological processes, and new findings on the contribution of diabetes to several pathological conditions.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a critical public health issue that causes incapacitation and mortality in both acute and chronic complications of the disease
Diabetes mellitus is classified as a spectrum of metabolic disorders in which the American Diabetes Association (ADA) divides into four categories: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), monogenic diabetes (MD) and gestational diabetes (GD)
Since the animal model was in stage III of diabetic progression via STZ injection combined with high-fat diet (HFD), the promoting lymphangiogenesis in the diabetic mouse did not increase insulin sensitivity
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a critical public health issue that causes incapacitation and mortality in both acute and chronic complications of the disease. Diabetes in general is a chronic metabolic disease, characterized by β-cell dysfunction and/or insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. T1D is an autoimmune illness that is caused by the beta cells of the pancreas’ Langerhans islets being destroyed These beta cells secrete insulin, and insulin has to be used throughout T1D patient lives. Over 29 million people in the US have T2D Many risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic, have been identified that play a role in the process of T2D. With further research being done in these areas, we will be better equipped to therapeutically intervene in the development of diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications
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