Developments in 3D surface metrology

Abstract

Over the past eight years the subject of 3D surface metrology has developed from something of a novelty to a position where it has now become a crucial tool in the characterisation of engineering surfaces across a broad range of applications. It is widely accepted that the nature of the topography of a surface has a significant influence on the efficiency and functional performance of the surface. The functions that have been identified in various studies include wear, friction, lubrication, corrosion, fatigue, coating, paintability, etc. It is also increasingly being recognised that in order to fully study and control surface manufacture to enhance the above applications, studies need to be carried out from a 3-D perspective. Until recently however, the vast majority of research, industrial applications and national and international roughness standards were based on 2-D measurement techniques. It is now recognised that the characteristics of surfaces cannot be completely interpreted in some cases without 3-D information and many models established for understanding surface performance based on 2-D profiles have been unsuccessful. A number of key research groups have been working in this area in an effort to produce definitive 3D surface roughness standards. This paper reviews the most recent work in the field of 3D surface characterisation undertaken by the authors as part of a European multi partner project and outlines the development towards a 3D surface roughness standard.