Abstract
Native chickens of Bangladesh are scavenging in nature. In our previous studies, we have histologically and immunohistochemically examined the ontogeny of lymphoid organs of native chickens of Bangladesh in prenatal stages. To date, the study on gross anatomical development of prenatal lymphoid organs is lacking. In the present study, detailed macro-anatomical development of prenatal lymphoid organs of native chickens were examined during different embryonic stages of development, which was conducted in the laboratory of the department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. In the present study, thymus was first identified by the 10 days of incubation (ED 10) as a chain at the both side of the neck. Bursa of Fabricius and spleen were also first found to develop at ED 10. While comparing with the prenatal development of lymphoid organs of native chickens with that of previously studied hybrid chickens, the native chickens’ lymphoid organs were found to develop earlier. Taken together with our previous results, the developmental trajectory data of the present study are first to clarify that the immune system of native chickens are being prepared earlier to face the scavenging environment after hatching.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2017, 3(4): 432-436
Highlights
The chickens of Bangladesh are scavenging in nature and they are continuously exposed to a wide spectrum of potential environmental immunomodulators including physical and chemical factors as well as various microorganisms and antigenic particles, whether occurring naturally or deliberately introduced
The lymphoid tissues were dissected out from the embryo using microscope atembryonic day 10 (ED 10) which was followed by ED 12, ED 14 and embryonic day 20 (ED 20)
The embryonic bursa of native chickens was found to develop from embryonic day 10 and became a fully differentiated immune organ on embryonic day 14 (Figure1)
Summary
The chickens of Bangladesh are scavenging in nature and they are continuously exposed to a wide spectrum of potential environmental immunomodulators including physical and chemical factors as well as various microorganisms and antigenic particles, whether occurring naturally or deliberately introduced. The lymphoid tissue of the chicken is divided into "central" and "peripheral" ones. The peripheral or secondary lymphoid tissues apparently depend on the central lymphoid tissue for their origin, development and function. In chickens the peripheral lymphoid tissue includes the spleen and all the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues including respiratory tract genitourinary tract, alimentary tract with cecal tonsils and head associated lymphoid tissues which consists of Harderian gland, lacrimal glands and duct, eyelid conjunctivas and nasal cavity mucosa (Jeurissen et al, 1994; Islam et al, 2008, 2012)
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