Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate proximate composition, mineral and vitamin content of complementary foods formulated from blends of maize, melon seed, carrot and crayfish flour. The maize flour was blended with melon flour, carrot and crayfish flour in the ratio of 100:0:0:0, 80:10:5:5, 70:15:10:5, 60:20:15:5 and 50:30:10:10 and used to formulate complementary food samples. The complementary foods produced where evaluate for chemical composition, minerals and vitamins using standard methods: The protein, fat, Ash and fibre contents of the sample increased from 6.55±0.02-26.43±0.01%, 4.78±0.03-19.31±0.54%, 0.95±0.02-3.15±0.60% and 0.01±0.00-3.67±010% respectively, as the ratio of melon seed, carrot and crayfish flours increased the carbohydrates contents decreases from 75.77±0.01-36.35±0.07. The mineral content of the samples also showed that the calcium, potassium contents increases with the increase in the substitution of maize with melon carrot and crayfish flours from 18.35±0.045, 19.84±0.07/100g and 153.59±0.36ms 167.77±010/100g respectively, while phosphorus, magnesium and iron contents decreased. The control sample without substitution had the highest phosphorus (142.27±0.22) and magnesium (108.55±0.16/100g) contents, respectively. The study therefore revealed that the micro and micro nutrient contents of maize-based gruels can be inculcated by supplementary maize flour with melon, carrot and crayfish flour at a level of 5-5-30% and 5-5-20% in the preparation of complementary food. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2022
Highlights
Environmental pollution related to urbanization and industrialization is inevitable unless proper measures are taken
Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in soil and to a relatively smaller proportion in atmosphere as particulate or vapors [4]. They are different sources of heavy metals in agricultural fields: all sources of heavy metals can be divided into five categories as follows [5]:- 1, geochemical sources: in geological terms, heavy metals are included in the group of elements referred to as which together constitute less than 1% of the rocks in the earth crust; the macro elements (O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ti, H, p and S) comprise 99% of the earth crust
The variation of the extractable heavy metals dominantly related with the pH variation of the study area that have showed in Table 5 comes from liming effects by the cement dust
Summary
Environmental pollution related to urbanization and industrialization is inevitable unless proper measures are taken. Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in soil and to a relatively smaller proportion in atmosphere as particulate or vapors [4]. They are different sources of heavy metals in agricultural fields: all sources of heavy metals can be divided into five categories as follows [5]:- 1, geochemical sources: in geological terms, heavy metals are included in the group of elements referred to as (trace metals) which together constitute less than 1% of the rocks in the earth crust; the macro elements (O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ti, H, p and S) comprise 99% of the earth crust. The natural enrichment of metals in the soils may still give rise to harmful effect to living organisms. 2, agriculture material: agriculture constitutes one of the most important non-point sources of metals pollutants; the main sources are (impurities in fertilizers, pesticides, disscants, wood preservative, wastes from intensive pig and poultry productions, composts and manures, sewage sludge. 3, metallurgical industries. 4, waste disposal. 5, other sources in manufacture and disposal (include: batteries, pigments and paints, catalysts, polymer stabilizers, additive in fuels and lubricants)
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