Development of Visual Elements for Accurate Simulation

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful tool to study human behavior and performance under the controlled conditions of a laboratory simulation. Simulation fidelity, particularly in the visual representation of the virtual environment (VE), continues to improve with ongoing advances in computer graphics technology. Because the software tools used to create these VEs are typically the same as those used by the gaming industry, the pervasiveness of high-fidelity video games raises expectations of quality, detail, and lighting in VR applications. However, high-quality models of equipment and environments are often not readily available, and developers may not be familiar with how to implement the latest techniques like physically based rendering (PBR) and photogrammetry. In addition, creating these assets in a timely manner may require several team members with different skillsets working together, and maintaining a consistent aesthetic can be a challenge. Because visual consistency is critical for maintaining immersion and controlling visual stimuli in research as well as in training, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) created an asset development workflow. This paper describes the workflow, precision modeling techniques, and review process as well as PBR and photogrammetry techniques. It also details lessons learned throughout the process of creating numerous photorealistic VR assets.