Abstract

ABSTRACTIn December 2019, a working group of the European Academy of Microbiology assembled to discuss various aspects of vaccines and vaccinations. The meeting was organised by Jörg Hacker and Eliora Z. Ron and took place in the offices of the Leopoldina (German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina). Several important issues were addressed and a major part of the discussion focused on the need to develop new vaccines, especially to protect against pathogens that constitute a pandemic threat. Following the rapid and unpredicted spread of COVID-19 in the first seven months of 2020, the need to develop vaccines for pandemic viruses rapidly has been clearly established. Thus, this paper will concentrate on points that were highlighted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic and lessons learnt therefrom.

Highlights

  • SHORT REVIEWRon5,*,‡, Philippe Sansonetti, Samantha Vanderslott and Lothar H

  • Infectious diseases continue to be a major factor in the development of health policy

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) was able to certify the eradication of smallpox in 1980, encouraging it and other non-governmental organisations to engage in a similar worldwide program to eradicate poliomyelitis

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Summary

SHORT REVIEW

Ron5,*,‡, Philippe Sansonetti, Samantha Vanderslott and Lothar H. One sentence summary: Development of vaccines in the times of COVID-19.

Introduction
THE HISTORY OF VACCINATION
MODERN VACCINOLOGY
Access to vaccines and vaccination
Demographic changes
Microbes change and new ones emerge
Attitudes change
Climate and environment change
Human behaviour changes
VACCINES IN OUTBREAKS AND PREPARATION FOR PANDEMICS
SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF VACCINATION
CORONAVIRUS VACCINES
Curevac Novavax
RBD conjugated to tetanus toxoid
Findings
CONCLUSIONS

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