Abstract
Due to the inconsistency and intermittence of solar energy, concentrated solar power (CSP) cannot stably transmit energy to the grid. Heat storage can maximize the availability of CSP plants. Especially, thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) based on CaO/CaCO3 cycles has broad application prospects due to many advantages, such as high heat storage density, high exothermic temperature, low energy loss, low material price, and good coupling with CSP plants. This paper provided a comprehensive outlook on the integrated system of CaO/CaCO3 heat storage, advanced reactor design, heat storage conditions, as well as the performance of CaO-based materials. The challenges and opportunities faced by current research were discussed, and suggestions for future research and development directions of CaO/CaCO3 heat storage were briefly put forward.
Highlights
In recent years, to deal with global warming and an increasing energy demand, the utilization of renewable resources, such as solar, hydrogen, biofuel, wind energy, and tidal energy, has made strides around the world [1]
When the limestone was calcined under pure CO2 at 950 ◦ C, its effective conversion dropped from 0.69 to 0.18 after 20 cycles. This was because the calcination at high temperatures under high concentrations of CO2 aggravated the sintering of CaO, which was more obvious in the study of limestone Ca/Al composites
This paper reviewed and summarized the research progress of CaO/CaCO3 heat storage in terms of system design, reaction conditions, and material properties
Summary
To deal with global warming and an increasing energy demand, the utilization of renewable resources, such as solar, hydrogen, biofuel, wind energy, and tidal energy, has made strides around the world [1]. Among various TCHS systems, high-temperature thermochemical heat storage based on the carbonation/calcination reaction of CaO/CaCO3 (as exhibited in Equation (1)) is considered to be one of the promising CSP heat storage technologies [32]. By changing the CO2 partial pressure, the carbonator can proceed in the range of 600–900 ◦ C [37] It takes advantage of abundant raw materials and low prices due to natural calcium-based minerals (limestone or dolomite) as the precursors, which can realize efficient heat storage [38]. The utilization of superheated steam (SHS) can reduce the calcination temperature to as low as 680 ◦ C to save energy, and the calcined CaO has strong heat storage activity [57]. Reducing the deactivation of CaO during heat storage and improving the heat storage stability have been widely studied
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