DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL FOR THE STAINING GRAIN LOADS AT THE RAILWAYS OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the organization and technology of work of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" with grain cargo. The grain industry serves as the basis and source of sustainable development of the country's agricultural sector and the basis of Ukraine's agricultural exports. Therefore, the urgent issue for Ukraine is the development of the railway transport system to achieve the necessary throughput capacity for the transportation of grain cargo at minimal cost. The main trends in the development of the grain cargo market are considered and the key factors affecting the increase in the turnover of grain wagons and the decrease in their productivity are identified. Depreciation of grain-carrying cars of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" is more than 97.8 %, which leads to their deficit during peak periods of transportation, an increase in the turnover of cars and a decrease in their productivity. There are also problems with the lack of traction rolling stock, which does not fully meet the needs of the industry in transport services and leads to significant delays in the delivery of goods.Today, JSC "Ukrzaliznytsya" transports grain cargoes in two ways - by wagon consignments and routes. JSC “Ukrzaliznytsya” distributes the wagons not involved in route transportation in small batches between stations where they are loaded with grain. This method of transporting grain takes much longer, transportation costs the customer more expensive, while increasing the turnover of cars and increasing the shortage of cars and locomotives. Route dispatch of grain stipulates that the entire route lot of 54 wagons is immediately sent to one elevator for loading and then immediately arrives at a specific port without delays along the route for re-composition. But not all existing elevators are route and are able to load 54 wagons during the day. For such elevators, it is necessary to use a different technology, that is, they must be able to form a route (stepped) with other elevators that will go to the destination port. The formation of stepped routes will optimize rail transportation of grain and reduce the risk of losses for untimely delivery of goods. Based on the research, formalized technology for the formation of stepped routes in the form of an optimization model, the target function of which is presented as the sum of the reduced costs of technological operations. The model allows you to determine the optimal number of cars in the route dispatch when the corresponding system of restrictions. Using the proposed model will reduce the unproductive downtime of cars and eliminate processing along the route, taking into account the delivery time and technical capacity of the stations.