Abstract
The object of research is block low-temperature installations for obtaining fresh water.
 Investigated problem: obtaining fresh water from sea using low-temperature technologies.
 Main scientific results: the design is developed and the operating characteristics of the demineralizer for sea water are determined.
 The influence of the initial salt content of sea water on the ice formation rate is determined. With an increase in the salinity of 3.5 times, productivity on ice decreases 2.3 times.
 The kinetics of the salt content in the freezing solution depends on the initial concentration. With an initial salt content of 6.74 g/l, the process rate is 0.4 g/h, with a salt content of 1 g/l – 0.14 g/h
 With an initial salt content of 6.74 g/l, the process of separating wastewater from the ice block is more intensive. The salt content of the first portion of the effluent is 3.2 times higher than the initial concentration of the solution.
 A cryoscopic curve was obtained for seawater in the concentration range from 0 to 6.74 g/l.
 The area of practical use of the research results: studies of the quality of the obtained water showed that the content of nitrates decreases 5 times, the hardness decreases by 2 mg/dm³. The salt content is reduced from 858 mg/dm³ to 560 mg/dm³.
 Plants for the concentration of food liquids by the block freezing method are designed to produce environmentally friendly products that preserve the bioactive complex of raw materials as much as possible with minimal energy consumption.
 An innovative technological product: design and operating modes of a block freezing plant for seawater desalination.
 Scope of application of the innovative technological product: industrial enterprises, the technological process of which requires small volumes of fresh water; to obtain fresh water on oil platforms in the oceans; small hotels, boarding houses on the seaside.
Highlights
The kinetics of the salt content in the freezing solution depends on the initial concentration
Plants for the concentration of food liquids by the block freezing method are designed to produce environmentally friendly products that preserve the bioactive complex of raw materials as much as possible with minimal energy consumption
Urban areas will experience a shortage of fresh water from conventional wastewater treatment plants
Summary
The object of research The object of research is block low-temperature installations for obtaining fresh water. Problem description An increase in the world’s population, about 80 million people a year, is depleting the world’s drinking water supply. Urban areas will experience a shortage of fresh water from conventional wastewater treatment plants. Sea water is an important supplement to the water source in many countries (China, India). Desalination of sea water is developed as a separate industry [1]. One of the solutions to water supply problems is to use seawater as a fresh source. Seawater desalination technologies have been significantly optimized. Specific energy consumption of modern installations is from 3 to 4 kWh/m3 [2]. Desalination technologies still remain energy-intensive and require technical improvement
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