Abstract
Purpose To support the standardized evaluation of bicyclist automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems, test scenarios, test procedures and test system hardware and software tools have been investigated and developed by the Transportation Active Safety Institute (TASI) at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. This paper aims to focus on the development of test scenarios and bicyclist surrogate for evaluating vehicle–bicyclist AEB systems. Design/methodology/approach The harmonized general estimates system (GES)/FARS 2010-2011 crash data and TASI 110-car naturalistic driving data (NDD) are used to determine the crash geometries and environmental factors of crash scenarios including lighting conditions, vehicle speeds, bicyclist speeds, etc. A surrogate bicyclist including a bicycle rider and a bicycle surrogate is designed to match the visual and radar characteristics of bicyclists in the USA. A bicycle target is designed with both leg pedaling and wheel rotation to produce proper micro-Doppler features and generate realistic motion for camera-based AEB systems. Findings Based on the analysis of the harmonized GES/FARS crash data, five crash scenarios are recommended for performance testing of bicyclist AEB systems. Combined with TASI 110-car naturalistic driving data, the crash environmental factors including lighting conditions, obscuring objects, vehicle speed and bicyclist speed are determined. The surrogate bicyclist was designed to represent the visual and radar characteristics of the real bicyclists in the USA. The height of the bicycle rider mannequin is 173 cm, representing the weighted height of 50th percentile US male and female adults. The size and shape of the surrogate bicycle were determined as 26-inch wheel and mountain/road bicycle frame, respectively. Both leg pedaling motion and wheel rotation are suggested to produce proper micro-Doppler features and support the camera-based AEB systems. Originality/value The results have demonstrated that the developed scenarios, test procedures and bicyclist surrogate will provide effective objective methods and necessary hardware and software tools for the evaluation and validation of bicyclist AEB systems. This is crucial for the development of advanced driver assistance systems.
Highlights
Bicyclist safety has attracted increasing attention by the public, government agencies and transportation and automotive industry as a public safety and health issue
This paper presents the development of test scenarios, surrogate bicyclist and associated hardware and software tools for the evaluation of bicyclist automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems
A crash scenario is defined by three groups of factors: 1 Bicyclist/vehicle crash geometries; 2 Bicyclist crash environmental factors including lighting conditions, obscuring objects, vehicle speed and bicyclist speed; and 3 Bicyclist description factors including size, bicyclist clothing color and bicyclist limb motion
Summary
Bicyclist safety has attracted increasing attention by the public, government agencies and transportation and automotive industry as a public safety and health issue. While the improvement of the road environment can reduce the risk of bicyclist crashes, the vehicles equipped with crash warning/avoidance systems have been introduced in recent years to reduce the potential bicyclist injuries and fatalities (Rosen, 2013). These systems are typically referred to as bicyclist pre-collision systems (PCS) or bicyclist automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems. This paper presents the development of test scenarios, surrogate bicyclist and associated hardware and software tools for the evaluation of bicyclist AEB systems.
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