Abstract
A study of the products of ferritization processing of galvanic waste: sludge and spent process solutions is carried out. As a result of experiments on dynamic leaching of heavy metal ions, the immobilization properties of the sludge, obtained at different process parameters of ferritization are determined. It is shown that the level of immobilization of heavy metals in ferrite sludge after leaching is 99.96 wt % and in the sludge of traditional wastewater neutralization <97.83 wt %. The studies determine the possibility of reliable utilization of ferritized galvanic waste – introduction into the charge to produce alkaline cements. It is found that the main crystalline phases in the structure of alkaline cements with ferrite sludge are calcite, quartz and heavy metal ferrites. In addition, jelly-like formations are found, which are further capable of crystallization. Such formations reliably bind heavy metals in the chemical structure of cement. It is found that when using up to 10 wt % of ferrite sludge in the total weight of cement, the compressive strength of artificial stone reaches 40 MPa, which meets the requirements of the current standard. The chemical stability of the alkali cement matrix using ferrite sludge is confirmed by the study of leaching of heavy metals for one day in neutral, alkaline and acidic media. It is shown that the degree of immobilization of heavy metal ions in cement with a ferrite sludge content of 30 wt % is >99.98 %. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metal ions during leaching meet the national and international standards for their MPC in drinking water and soil. This approach will allow solving the problem of utilization of hazardous galvanic waste and production of general construction materials
Highlights
The functioning of production cycles of enterprises of instrument-making, chemical, machine-building and other industries is accompanied by the formation of industrial waste
That is why the study of the degree of leaching of heavy metals from ferrite sludge contributes to the development of their environmentally friendly utilization, as well as energy and resource saving in galvanic production
The aim of the work is to determine the effect of ferrite sludge as products of galvanic waste processing on the immobilization properties of alkaline cements
Summary
The functioning of production cycles of enterprises of instrument-making, chemical, machine-building and other industries is accompanied by the formation of industrial waste The volume of this waste is constantly growing every year, while the rate of processing and disposal is incomparably low. High density of galvanic sludge at industrial sites and placement in large areas of the urban zone allow assessing them as a source of high man-made impact on the environment [3]. When such sludge is stored on an open surface, metal ions due to the easy dissolution of hydroxides are leached from storage sites into soil and water bodies under the influence of atmospheric precipitation. To solve the above problems, further development and implementation of environmentally friendly, low-waste and energy-saving technologies that allow efficient sludge utilization and the creation of closed-loop water recirculation systems in production are relevant
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