Abstract
Textbooks used in elementary and junior high schools must be written based on the Courses of Study in Japan. Science textbooks show observation of the moon and the sun using a small astronomical telescope. However, most in-service teachers have never used an astronomical telescope. Teachers have to use it safely to secure the safety of pupils, students, and teachers. I examined wrong and unsafe acts while in-service teachers and students assembled astronomical telescopes. Then I developed digital teaching materials for teachers including risks caused by wrong acts.
Highlights
In Japan, the Courses of Study for elementary and junior high schools are prepared by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
The science textbooks of Grade 6 show the observation of the moon with small astronomical telescopes and/or binoculars and that of the sun with solar filters
The science textbooks of the third year of junior high school show the observations of the solar surface and sunspots using solar projection through small astronomical telescopes
Summary
In Japan, the Courses of Study for elementary and junior high schools are prepared by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Teachers of elementary and junior high schools have to teach the contents of the textbooks in Japan. The science textbooks of Grade 6 show the observation of the moon with small astronomical telescopes and/or binoculars and that of the sun with solar filters. The objectives for the content are to enable students to consider the Earth’s movement through observations of nearby celestial bodies, and to understand characteristics of the sun and planets. The science textbooks of the third year of junior high school show the observations of the solar surface and sunspots using solar projection through small astronomical telescopes. Both science teachers of elementary and junior high schools need to know how to use a small astronomical telescope They have never used it, and it is difficult to understand how to assemble an equatorial telescope. I examined wrong and unsafe acts while students and in-service teachers assembled astronomical telescopes, especially equatorial telescopes
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