Development of Robot Patient Lower Limbs to Reproduce the Sit-to-Stand Movement with Correct and Incorrect Applications of Transfer Skills by Nurses

Chingszu Lin,Jukai Maeda,Taiki Ogata,Masako Kanai-Pak,Yasuko Kitajima,Zhihang Zhong,Jun Ota,Noriaki Kuwahara,Mitsuhiro Nakamura

doi:10.3390/app11062872

Abstract

Recently, human patient simulators have been widely developed as substitutes for real patients with the objective of applying them as training tools in nursing education. Such simulated training is perceived as beneficial for imparting the required practical skills to students. Considering the aging world population, this study aimed to develop a robot patient for training nursing students in the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer skill, which is indispensable in caring for elderly people. To assess a student’s skill, the robot patient should be able to access the skill correctness and behave according to whether the skill is correctly or incorrectly implemented. Accordingly, an STS control method was proposed to reproduce the different STS movements during correct and incorrect applications of the skill by the nurses. The lower limbs of a prototype robot were redesigned to provide an active joint with a compliant unit, which enables the measurement of external torque and flexibility of the human joint to be reproduced. An experiment was conducted with four nurse teachers, each of whom was asked to demonstrate both correct and incorrect STS transfer skills. The results of the external torque and joint torque measured in robot’s lower limbs revealed that a significant difference (p < 0.05) between correct and incorrect skills. It also indicates the introduction of the proposed control method for the robot can satisfy the requirement of the assessment of STS skill. Among the various measurements conducted, the external torque of the hip joint exhibited the most significant difference and therefore represented the most robust measure for assessing whether the STS transfer skill was correctly applied.

Highlights

IntroductionWith the current rapid aging of the world’s population [1], the competency of caregivers in assisting patients to transfer from a sitting to a standing position has become indispensable
There is a shortage of nursing teachers [3] who are qualified to simulate a patient for students to practice with; this hinders students from receiving sufficient amounts of clinical practice and obtaining a sufficient depth of practical experience
The external torque measured from the hip joint, was adopted as the factor for computing the motor’s motion command in each joint

Summary

Introduction

With the current rapid aging of the world’s population [1], the competency of caregivers in assisting patients to transfer from a sitting to a standing position has become indispensable. The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a highly frequent activity in a patient’s daily routine [2], which significantly influences the quality of a patient’s life. It is difficult to conduct clinical training with actual patients at schools because of safety and ethical concerns. There is a shortage of nursing teachers [3] who are qualified to simulate a patient for students to practice with; this hinders students from receiving sufficient amounts of clinical practice and obtaining a sufficient depth of practical experience

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion