Abstract
Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/ vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physico- chemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmed polymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/ VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured -15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at 38° over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most common leading cause of death in women
We have explored new thermoresponsive polymeric micelles (Ward and Georgiou, 2011; Dhar et al, 2011; Jabbari et al, 2013) PNIPAAm-VP to overcome some of the limitations of currently available polymer micelles
Characterization of NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): 1H-NMR data confirmed the synthesis of co-polymeric NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles in Figure 1 showing proton resonance of the vinyl end groups of monomers in the spectrum of the formed co-polymeric micelle
Summary
Breast cancer is the second most common leading cause of death in women. Acquired resistance of breast cancer cells is a challenging field in the research. Cancer becomes due to environmental and hereditary factors like chemicals, viruses, or radiation can cause DNA damage that leads to genetic mutations (Tabar and Dean, 2003). Many strategies have been developed and followed for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Mastectomy is a surgical, and preferable option, for treatment that has been replaced by lumpectomy, a radiation therapy (Lerner, 2001). Chemotherapy has become the usual treatment for breast cancer patients which helps reduce metastatic tumors (Gurses and Topcul, 2013)
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