Development of pH-sensitive tamarind seed polysaccharide–alginate composite beads for controlled diclofenac sodium delivery using response surface methodology

Abstract

The present study deals with the development of novel pH-sensitive tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP)–alginate composite beads for controlled diclofenac sodium delivery using response surface methodology by full 32 factorial design. The effect of polymer-blend ratio (sodium alginate:TSP) and cross-linker (CaCl2) concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %) and drug release from diclofenac sodium loaded TSP–alginate composite beads prepared by ionotropic gelation was optimized. The observed responses were coincided well with the predicted values by the experimental design. The DEE (%) of these beads containing diclofenac sodium was within the range between 72.23±2.14 and 97.32±4.03% with sustained in vitro drug release (69.08±2.36–96.07±3.54% in 10h). The in vitro drug release from TSP–alginate composite beads containing diclofenac sodium was followed by controlled-release pattern (zero-order kinetics) with case-II transport mechanism. Particle size range of these beads was 0.71±0.03–1.33±0.04mm. The swelling and degradation of the developed beads were influenced by different pH of the test medium. The FTIR and NMR analyses confirmed the compatibility of the diclofenac sodium with TSP and sodium alginate used to prepare the diclofenac sodium loaded TSP–alginate composite beads. The newly developed TSP–alginate composite beads are suitable for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium for prolonged period.