Abstract
Pervious concrete is an effective and unique way to overcome critical environmental issues and support green, sustainable growth. Pervious concrete refers to a non-slip porous pavement concrete, which is permeable to water. Recently, the demand for sustainable waste palm oil products for construction in Malaysia has dramatically increased. For long-term sustainable development, palm products waste can be recycled in pervious concrete production. This study on pervious geopolymer concrete (hereafter PGC) explored an alternative binder and aggregate for Portland cement (OPC) and natural aggregate (NA), while it also developed a pervious concrete's compressive strength. Biomass aggregate (BA) was obtained by burning palm oil biomass. Thus, biomass aggregate (BA) is introduced as a replacement for natural aggregate (NA). In order to generate coated biomass aggregates (CBA), BA was combined with alkaline liquid (AL) and fly ash (FA) and then heated inside an oven at 80 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. PGC containing coated biomass aggregate is the most commonly used cement substitute in concrete as the industrial by-product waste. This study investigated the performance and optimised mixture design of various PGC mixtures that incorporated NA to replace BA CBA compared with OPC pervious concrete containing NA. PGC generated via CBA possessed greater compressive strength without any impact on permeability to water. Outcomes show that both CBA and BA are possible alternative aggregates for generating PGCs. As a result of this study, a nomograph chart was developed, which provided a guideline for designing PGC made by CBA and BA, and cement pervious concrete made with NA.
Highlights
In the management of storm-water runoff at a local and regional level, pervious concrete is one of the ideal methods recommended by the global community of civil engineers [1,2]
The raw materials utilised in preparing PGC specimens include sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alkaline activator, fly ash as a pozzolanic material, and two types of coarse aggregate (BA, coated biomass aggregate (CBA))
All samples cast in 100 mm cubes were moulded, and tested after 24 hours using a 250 KN capacity loading machine in displacement control at a rate of 1 mm/min until failure
Summary
In the management of storm-water runoff at a local and regional level, pervious concrete is one of the ideal methods recommended by the global community of civil engineers [1,2]. Husks and fibres serve as fuel to raise the boiler to high temperatures in the steam engine utilised to extract oil [10] Such a process generates palm oil clinkers in large volumes that range in sizes from 100-400 mm. The coating of BAs with a geopolymer paste was suggested to enhance a coarse aggregate within concrete [2]. In order to generate PGC, the coated biomass aggregate (CBA) is combined with an alkaline solution and fly ash. In addition to excellent performance under high temperature, high early intensity geopolymer production, good resistance to sulphate and acid attacks, and high early strength, the special wastes such as fly ash and aggregates are excellent sources of aluminosilicate [12,13]. A nomograph chart of pervious concretes was developed as a guideline for producing pervious cement concrete with NA and PGC with BA and CBA
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