Abstract
The paper concentrates on the design, architecture, and monitoring of smart LED street lighting control, with focus on traffic safety and safe road infrastructure. The use of a CMAS (Cloud-Based Multi-Agent System) as a possible framework is investigated. The work is based on previous developments by the authors in the production and design of close and long-range hybrid Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) motion detection sensors. It also introduces the advances in radar-type sensors used in smart SLC (street lighting control) application systems. The proposed sensor solutions can detect the road user (vehicle or pedestrian) and determine its movement direction and approximate speed that can be used for dynamic lighting control algorithms, traffic intensity prediction, and increased safety for both driver and pedestrian traffic. Furthermore, the street lighting system infrastructure can monitor city environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, thus increasing levels of safety and security for smart cities. Utilising other hybrid systems within intelligent street lighting applications represents a new specialisation area in both energy-saving, safety awareness, and intelligent management.
Highlights
The expanding use of cloud computing services in all forms of application control lends itself well to incorporating a Multi-Agent System (MAS) into existing and developmental structures
The smart LED street lighting system eventually will become a part of smart city concept, but already it is a complex system, as it consists of several components, such as dimmable LED luminaire, movement detection and other sensors to control the light output, integrated luminaire controller that allows for communication between LED driver and gateway and the centralised control system
The Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensor components proposed by the authors cost up to 9 EUR when ordering in small volumes; benefits of the device include low cost per agent, ease of use and installation due to NEMA socket usage and compact size
Summary
The expanding use of cloud computing services in all forms of application control lends itself well to incorporating a Multi-Agent System (MAS) into existing and developmental structures. The “Streetlightvision” (Itron) is the most used software system, and it is able to integrate various communication controllers into a single platform, as special communication bridge protocol TALQ is used; companies (like “Telensa”) use it as a control system backbone for their products In all these cases, the predefined light output values are approximately or statistically determined, and they do not reflect a real-time situation on the road and traffic safety. The developed sensor array is an end solution to numerous requirements, which lends itself to safety, big data retrieval, statistics evaluation, smart metering, and control of energy usage Another challenge is the reduction of the sensor self-consumption and the unit price, where in LITES project Steinel PIR sensor had price of 60 EUR, Micas radar sensor had 90 EUR, and sensor consumption with communication node was around 5 W. The PIR sensor components proposed by the authors cost up to 9 EUR when ordering in small volumes; benefits of the device include low cost per agent, ease of use and installation due to NEMA socket usage and compact size
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