Development of new feeding standards for breeding horses of the Yakut breed

Abstract

Further development of herd horse breeding in Yakutia is unthinkable without increasing the level of feeding. Full-fledged rational feeding of horses should be based on knowledge of their nutritional needs according to the seasons of the year, as well as during various periods of life and reproduction. In this regard, based on the literature and our own data, we have developed norms for the needs of Yakut horses in energy, digestible protein, macro-microelements and vitamins. The work was carried out in the horse breeding base "Albuordaakh" of the Amginsky ulus. When determining the energy and nutrient requirements and developing new feeding standards, we used experimental data from more than 30 physiological and feeding experiments conducted by us. According to our research, the energy demand of breeding stallions is 57.28 MJ for hay consumption for life support, 45.36 MJ for super-maintenance, 50.95 and 45.36 MJ for mares, 33.8 MJ for young animals up to 1 year for life support, 1.67 for growth, 3.0 MJ for heating feed and water, 3.0 MJ for movement and foraging - 10.0 MJ, and the total need per head per day is 48.47 MJ. A comparison of the needs determined by us with the needs and calculated by A.F. Abramov (1986) showed that in winter the Yakut horse needs a sufficient amount of metabolic energy per head per day by 16.7 - 25.35 MJ more than that of A.F. Abramov, which is 17-23%, respectively, digestible protein is needed in breeding stallions, by 5 g is greater than that of A.F. Abramov (3%), no significant differences were found in mares. A comparison of the needs of young horses showed that more metabolic energy is needed for 1 head per day in young animals older than 2 years (7.1%), no differences were found in other contingents. According to the digestible protein per 1 head per day, 2.6-4.77% more is needed than in the data determined by A.F. Abramov. It was found that the new norms are quite different from the norms and needs proposed by A.F. Abramov, so they were offered 84 MJ of exchange energy per day. In the requirements developed by us, this indicator is 108 MJ in mares. The difference is 24 MJ.