Development of Methodology to Evaluate TOD Feasibility in Built-up Environment (Case Study: Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia)

Abstract

The major Indonesian cities, among which Jakarta and Bandung, are in the process of constructing and planning urban railway systems, including developing transit-oriented development (TOD) concepts for their stations. For ensuring the targeted ridership and financial sustainability, these TOD plans should be integrated with the mass transit development plan. However, to adopt this is quite challenging since the planned railway lines run through dense built-up environments with limited vacant land available. This study aimed to develop a methodology to evaluate the feasibility of designating built-up environments as TOD areas. The methodology used consists of two elements: (i) a method for determining the suitable TOD typology; and (ii) a method to assess the feasibility of TOD in potential areas based on the requirements of its TOD typology. For the first this study adopted a mixed-method approach comprising of two steps: (i) formulating a set of criteria and indicators based on basic TOD characteristics and the 5 Ds (Calthorpe, 1993; Ewing & Cervero, 2010) as well as related national and local regulations; and (ii) conducting a gap analysis of the transit location characteristics (existing and as part of the spatial plan) based on these criteria and indicators. The methodology was developed based on case studies of potential TOD areas in Jakarta and Bandung. It was found that there are differences between the development requirements based on area characteristics and TOD typologies.