Development of measures for effective combat with formation of crystalline hydrates during transportation of hydrocarbon gases in main pipelines

Abstract

In the article, it is detailed about the development of effective measures to combat the formation of crystalline hydrates during the transportation of hydrocarbon gases in main pipelines. It is noted that hydrates of natural gases are formed as a result of a chemical reaction between the gas itself and the water vapor contained in these gases. Gas hydrates of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and normal butane are formed by the combination of one molecule of each gas with several molecules of different numbers of water vapor. Hydrate is also formed from carbonic gas. Hydrocarbon hydrates do not form higher than pentane. Starting from methane to butane, each gas has such a temperature limit at which a hydrate is formed, above these temperatures hydrates are not formed. With the Hamer-Smidt formula, the temperature of hydrate formation is determined depending on the pressure. The turbulence of gas movement helps the formation of hydrates. Permanent gas-hydrate equilibria are found from the family of curves constructed by the experiments of Karsan and Kats. A hydrate is also formed from carbon dioxide. Hydrocarbon hydrates do not form higher than pentane. Starting from methane to butane, each gas has such a temperature limit at which a hydrate is formed, above these temperatures hydrates are not formed. With the Hamer-Smidt formula, the tempe- rature of hydrate formation is determined depending on the pressure. The turbulence of gas movement helps the formation of hydrates. Permanent gas-hydrate equilibria are found from the family of curves constructed by the experiments of Karsan and Kats. The formula for determining the temperature in the gas pipeline is given in the article. This is also the formula of the law of pressure distribution in the gas pipeline. On the basis of the temperature of the drop of the hydrate, the distance from the beginning of its drop is determined by the formula of V. G. Shukhov, for which the second formula is also given. Three groups of methods of combating hydrate blockages are shown, and five different methods of drying natural hydrocarbon wet gases are presented