Abstract
Explants excised from adult shrubs were surface sterilized and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium in the presence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) at different concentrations. A high multiplication rate of 7.2-fold was achieved every four weeks on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, 0.49 μM IBA and 0.58 μM GA3. Rooting was achieved with 73% efficiency within 2-4 weeks on agar-gelled MS basal medium free of PGRs. Rooted plantlets were gradually acclimatized to field conditions over 5-6 weeks with 65% efficiency. For in vitro selection for salt tolerance, MS medium was supplemented with increasing concentrations of NaCl ranging between 25 and 1000 mM. This study has demonstrated that in vitro shoots could tolerate up to 600 mM NaCl with optimal growth at 200 mM, while higher concentrations of NaCl affected growth negatively. Growth and shoot number decreased with increasing NaCl concentration with all plantlets died at 1000 mM NaCl.
Highlights
Syrian Arab Republic is located on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea with an area of 18.517.071 ha and a population of about 20.376 million (Anon 2009)
Atriplex halimus L. is a member of the Chenopodiaceae and one of the major species used in combating desertification due to its salt tolerance, which is defined as a plant’s ability to grow under saline stress (Munns 2002)
The best multiplication rate was achieved on medium containing 4.44 μM BA + 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.58 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) with an average of 7.26 new shoots/explant every 4 weeks (Fig.2)
Summary
Syrian Arab Republic is located on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea with an area of 18.517.071 ha and a population of about 20.376 million (Anon 2009). One way to rehabilitate and reclaim these soils is by planting salt-tolerant forage species. Among these species is the genus Atriplex, which has recently raised interest where some 100.000 ha have been planted in the Mediterranean basin, Species of the genus Atriplex are known for their high tolerance to aridity and salinity (Le Houerou 1992). This study was carried out to develp an efficient micropropagation system for large-scale rapid clonal multiplication and spreading its cultivation to contribute in alleviating desertification impact on the environment and Humans. Another objective was the selection of in vitro of highly salt-tolerant clones by increasing concentrations of NaCl on in vitro grown plantlets
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