Abstract
Clenbuterol (CLB) is an antibiotic and illegal growth promoter drug that has a long half-life and easily remains as residue and contaminates the animal-based food product that leads to various health problems. In this work, electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (PEDOT/GO) modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for CLB detection was developed for antibiotic monitoring in a food product. The modification of SPCE with PEDOT/GO as a sensor platform was performed through electropolymerization, while the electrochemical assay was accomplished while using direct competitive format in which the free CLB and clenbuterol-horseradish peroxidase (CLB-HRP) in the solution will compete to form binding with the polyclonal anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) immobilized onto the modified electrode surface. A linear standard CLB calibration curve with R2 = 0.9619 and low limit of detection (0.196 ng mL−1) was reported. Analysis of milk samples indicated that this immunosensor was able to detect CLB in real samples and the results that were obtained were comparable with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
Highlights
Clenbuterol (CLB) residue in the meat-based product is a big threat to global food safety
Polyclonal anti-clenbuterol antibody (Ab) was obtained from a rabbit immunized with clenbuterol bovine serum albumin (CLB-BSA), following the procedures described in the literature [32]
The modification of screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with PEDOT/Graphene oxide (GO) as the sensor platform and implementation of direct competitive immunoassay format has successfully utilized for clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLB) detection
Summary
Clenbuterol (CLB) residue in the meat-based product is a big threat to global food safety. Various types of biosensors were developed for a wide range of sensing applications including antibiotics screening and monitoring These sensors offer high sensitivity and rapid result with a simpler operating procedure to substitute the chromatographic and ELISA methods in the detection of CLB. SPEs can be modified with various materials such as conducting polymers, metals and nanomaterials via various methods to enhance the sensor performance This modification benefitted certain applications, such as the development of biosensors, which usually require a high surface area for the attachment of bio-receptors, such as enzymes, DNAs, antibodies, and cells [19]. Detection of CLB was conducted based on direct competitive immunoassay, and the signal produced was determined electrochemically
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